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Before Guan Xian could speak, Wang Chongxi couldn't help sighing: "No wonder we can't find the yellow books and fish scale books, and can't count the population and land. We can only see individual villages in the tax collection books. The land system here, It’s still the pre-Qin well field system! Those who manage the cities are princes, and those who manage villages are scholar-bureaucrats.”

Historically, the British colonists ruled Tanjore for 150 years, and it took hundreds of years to break the village communal land management system into a more advanced landlord ownership system.

You heard me right, landlord ownership is an advanced system here, and it is more conducive to the collection of agricultural taxes by the British colonists!

Zhao Kuangchen was quite speechless, the territory he occupied was actually engaged in the well field system.

Guan Xian continued: "Brahmins and Kshatriyas are nobles, and the rest of the people are divided into several major castes and dozens of small castes. Those small castes have been engaged in a certain industry for generations, just like the households of Ming Dynasty. , tea households, stove households, yin and yang households, etc.”

"Each caste has its own customary rules, similar to the Chinese guild convention. Conflicts within the caste, such as disputes between shoemakers and shoemakers, are resolved within the shoemaker caste. Brahmins and Kshatriyas can only mediate, not Give pointers to the shoemaker's trade."

"Thus, the villages in various places seem to be chaotic and disorderly, but the internal structure is extremely tight. They belong to the same big caste, but they belong to different small castes, and their occupations cannot be changed at will. If a shoemaker changes his career to a carpenter, he will be collectively boycotted by the carpenters. They were even expelled from the village."

"There are also some minor castes that can change occupations at will. For example, laundrymen, hairdressers, etc., are collectively classified as servant castes. Today they wash clothes and live, and tomorrow they can be barbers."

"The tenants here do not pay fixed land rents to the village community. They are all calculated according to the grain harvest. The land rent for paddy fields is about four-fifths, and the land rent for dry fields is about one-half..."

Once the situation was explained, Zhao Kuangchen and his subordinates were all stunned.

The land rent for paddy fields is 80%, and the land rent for dry fields is 50%. The tenants are not starved to death?

"Can tenant farmers survive?" Wang Chongxi asked.

Guan Xian explained: "There is often drought here, and the paddy fields are better. If there is no rain in the dry fields for a long time, a large number of tenant farmers will starve to death. After the tenant farmers die, if the land is vacant, priority will be given to Sudra farmers. Toro tenants, the village community will lease the land to the untouchables."

"Farmers starve to death every year. Don't the farmers here rebel?" Zhao Kuangchen's college classmate Ma Yu asked.

Guan Xian shook his head: "Never rebelled. The peasant uprisings here are all led by Brahmins or Kshatriyas. As for other castes, they can only rebel along with them, and cannot stand up and rebel by themselves."

Everyone looked at each other in blank dismay, what a magical caste society, they had never encountered it before.

Guan Xian said: "Your Highness, either the entire village is directly occupied, and the Han people can come as they want. Or don't even think about reforming a village, it can't be changed at all, a few big castes, hundreds of small castes, everyone has They are supporters of the existing system. If they don’t change it, they will accept the rule honestly. If it changes, the whole village may rebel, and even Sudra, who is about to starve to death, will feel that we are going to steal his job.”

Wang Chongxi said: "Your Highness, if this is the case, then there is no need to provoke Kshatriyas and Brahmins to fight. They are actually the same kind of people, nothing more than the difference between hereditary military officers and gentry families."

According to the actual situation, everyone re-formulated the ruling strategy.

If the Han people wanted to expand, they would expand in units of villages and communes.Kill the nobles of the village community, the Han people will become the landlords, and everything else will continue as usual.

To put it bluntly, it means integrating into the caste society, and the Han people become the new Brahmins and Kshatriyas.

This set of caste system was born for conquerors.

You can easily conquer this land, kill the Brahmins and Kshatriyas and replace them.However, don't try to reform this system, it's a thankless act.

Unless there are more and more Han immigrants, and more and more descendants of the Han people.With the increase of Han people, quantitative changes lead to qualitative changes, and only then can the original system be broken!

Because of the desolate high caste, you can engage in low caste occupations (the theory of caste is not allowed, but in fact it is possible).

When the Han people filled various occupations, the caste bondage was broken.

Zhao Kuangtang ordered: "Let Sun Kewang stop the march temporarily, and order the nobles from all over the country to continue to hold their original positions as long as they are loyal to me. For the land that has been conquered, you should formulate a plan for rewarding the land. According to the area of ​​the land, the villages that have been occupied, It is divided into two levels: towns and villages. The Han people are all nobles in the towns and villages. The officials we bring either serve as officials in Taiwu City or go to the town to serve as officials. The Han people have no caste distinction, and the rest have different castes and occupations. Change."

Guan Xian said: "Your Highness, if things go on like this, the Han people will become Brahmins and Kshatriyas. Your Highness's Jin Kingdom will be no different from the small state here, and it is very likely that it will be slaughtered in a hundred years."

Zhao Kuangchen said: "That's why there is no caste system among the Han people."

"Your Highness, people's hearts are driven by profit, and human nature is also indulged in comfort," Guan Xian advised, "We may still stick to our hearts, but what about our descendants? At that time, Confucian teachings may be forgotten, for the sake of convenience. ruled, the king took the lead in converting to Hinduism."

Ma Yu said: "Education should not be forgotten. Confucian temples must be built when free hands are available. Schools must be built when there are more Han children. The caste system here is too scary, but it is tempting to enjoy. A little bit of willpower will be worn away, and eventually wear away. Even the ancestors are forgotten, even the teachings of the Confucian sages are forgotten!"

"Your Highness, after the country is stabilized, please build a Confucian Temple immediately!" Wang Chongxi bowed his hands.

"Your Highness, please build a Confucius Temple!"

The crowd bowed down collectively.

Zhao Kuangchen gritted his teeth and said, "Of course a Confucian temple will be built. There are so many temples of foreign races in the city. First, one should be demolished and converted into a Confucian temple, and all the statues in the temple will be smashed! If any believers rebel, they will all be killed!"

The Confucian Temple was built in India, and it was the cultural fire of the Han people.

If the Confucius Temple is not destroyed, China will last forever.

Once there is no Confucian Temple, the Han people here will quickly degenerate, and eventually completely integrate into the caste system of laying equal to death.

Wang Chongxi also said: "Your Highness, the Han people who immigrated here are not allowed to believe in foreign religions. Not to mention beliefs, even worshiping gods are not allowed to worship. Anyone who violates the law will have their homes ransacked and beheaded!"

"can."

Zhao Kuangchen was also frightened by the caste system. People who have received Confucian education naturally reject such things.

Sun Kewang stopped his march, and Zhao Kuangxi asked the civil servants to measure the land along the river for dozens of miles.According to the total area of ​​land, rewards were given to officials and soldiers. All Han Chinese were landlords, and Tamil farmers who did not have land were all converted into private tenants.

There are two kinds of laws in force across the country, one set is for the Han people, which is directly imported from China and modified according to the actual situation.One set is for the natives, following caste laws.

At present, Zhao Kuangzhen's actual control area is only a city and dozens of miles of land along the river, which are organized into a county and several villages and towns.

After sending the order to the Quartet, the nobles in cities and villages all over the country really pledged their allegiance without any intention of resisting.When the Zhuluo Dynasty was destroyed, they were too lazy to resist. Now that Zhao Kuangzhen destroyed the Tanjoer Kingdom, they will not resist either.

The premise is not to change the caste system!

As long as the caste system remains the same, they don't care who is the king.

What Zhao Kuangchen will do next is to measure land, reward farmland, build Confucian temples, and restore commerce.Water conservancy needs to be built, and many irrigation canals are dilapidated, so Sudras and untouchables are used as laborers, and it is enough to eat or not starve to death.If you don't pay attention, it doesn't matter if you starve to death.

As far as the land collective management system of Brahmins and Kshatriyas is concerned, don’t try to collect too much agricultural tax in the future, most of them will be corrupted by Hindu nobles.

It has to be changed, let Brahmins and Kshatriyas become landlords, and implement a more advanced landlord ownership system.But it can’t be changed now, because there are not enough officials, even if it is changed, it will be changed without changing the medicine, and the number of acres will still be reported to you implicitly.

Zhao Kuangchen was speechless, he never dreamed that he would still see Jing Tianzhi in this life.

Chapter 967 [Concubine for the country]

In southeastern India, the area with the most rainfall completely coincides with the territory of the neighboring Jinji Kingdom.

As for Tanjore, the annual rainfall is around 1000mm.It seems to have abundant rainfall, but it belongs to the tropical monsoon climate. Most of the rainfall occurs in summer and autumn, and droughts are very prone to occur in other seasons.

There are two rice planting times in South India: one is after the autumn rainy season, wait for the water level to recede slightly, and sow seeds in early winter; the other is after the winter rice is harvested, wait a little longer, and wait for the rain in early summer to sow summer rice.

In terms of temperature, it can be grown three times a year.

In terms of irrigation, there are at most two crops a year here.

If you want three crops a year, you must build large reservoirs and irrigation canals. This situation has been delayed for hundreds of years, and it has not been changed even in the 21st century.

When Zhang Dakun woke up in the morning, his wife was already cooking.

As a soldier of the Datong Army, Zhang Dakun's exercises are relatively regular.After washing up, he played a set of military boxing at the door of the house, and went back to the house after practicing for a while.

Several big families in the village were uprooted by Sun Kewang. Although Zhang Dakun was just an ordinary soldier, he was assigned to a small house.

It is said to be a small house, but it can actually accommodate more than ten people, and there is also a special room for servants.

Seeing Zhang Dakun returning to the house, his wife immediately brought food.

No curry.

The source of the word curry is the "sauce" in South India, which was borrowed and spread by the Portuguese, and currently belongs to the aristocratic dish of South India.Moreover, the curry at this time is relatively light, with only chili and a few spices, and no butter, onion and tomato.

In front of Zhang Dakun, there were only rice and stew.

When the wife served the rice, she knelt aside, obviously waiting for her husband to eat first.

"Come and eat together." Zhang Dakun waved.

The wife smiled and sat down cautiously.This situation was repeated every day. If Zhang Dakun didn't wave his hand, his wife would not dare to go to the table.

Zhang Dakun is from Yunnan. He didn't graduate from elementary school, so he learned carpentry in the village.Farming when busy, working as a carpenter in free time, and being recruited as a farmer and soldier when he was a little older.

Although farmers and soldiers do not receive military pay, they only take care of food during training, and they also take up slack time in farming.But farmers in impoverished areas, instead of resisting, actively signed up.After the three-year service period of the peasants and soldiers, they are eligible to enter the city to take the police examination, and regular divisions and inspectors are also recruited from the peasants and soldiers.

Ordinary people can't be peasants and soldiers. Zhang Dakun is of the same clan as the village chief, so he got the opportunity to be a peasant and soldier.

This kid was lucky, he only worked as a farmer and soldier for two years before he was conscripted to be a civilian husband.At that time, they attacked the Nguyen family in Vietnam and won without much fighting. The rest of the time was spent on quelling the peasant uprising, and the peasant uprising was triggered by the Nguyen court.

When Zhang Dakun was transporting grain and grass, he was attacked by a group of peasant troops, and his grain transport team performed very well.Holding a spear, Zhang Dakun stabbed several enemies to death, and returned to his hometown in Yunnan to receive the reward.

With military merits, the family is even more picky when it comes to his marriage, and they have been picking for a whole year, but nothing goes well.

At this moment, the retired soldiers of Guangnan Prefecture changed jobs and stayed in Guangnan.The recruits were all recruited in Yunnan and Guangxi. Zhang Dakun was able to write and count, and he had military merits. He went to Guangnan Province to serve as a soldier very smoothly.The marriage was delayed again.

Hearing that India can be a landlord and will give a settling fee, Zhang Dakun immediately went to sign up to go to sea without the ties of his wife and children.

Now, as expected, he became a landlord, and got [-] mu of land as he wished.

Zhang Dakun is very satisfied with this, they are all good fields by the river, even if there are a few acres not by the river, they are also irrigated by the diversion canal.You don't have to farm it yourself, because there are tenants attached to the land, who just wait to harvest grain every year.

But there was one thing that made Zhang Dakun very upset, or rather, all Han landlords were unhappy.

The Tamil farmers here don't even dig latrines, they just throw their shit and urine everywhere, and they don't even know how to use it as fertilizer.Of course, the farmers here also compost, but they only use cow manure for composting, and don't use other human and animal manure at all.

After Zhang Dakun and other Han landlords got the land, the first thing they did was to ask their respective tenants to dig latrines to store excrement.The feces in the wild should also be collected immediately.

The untouchable tenants are very obedient, but the Sudra tenants don't do it, thinking that collecting excrement is the work of the untouchables.

Zhang Dakun, who has a good temper, was so angry that he beat people, and finally made the Sudra tenants willing to touch the excrement.

Then there are Han people who have not married wives, and they can give priority to finding wives.

Those Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and female relatives who were exterminated were all assigned to civil and military officials.Ordinary soldiers like Zhang Dakun can only marry Vaisya and Sudra women with darker skin, and they cannot marry women from their own village, but must marry women from nearby villages.

Zhang Dakun was lucky, he married a Vaisya woman with fair complexion, and the bride price was a silver dollar and a few bolts of cotton cloth.

The father-in-law’s family was very happy, because they didn’t need to give a large dowry, and they could still receive a dowry gift. They still married Han “nobles” across castes—in their eyes, Han people were all nobles.

His Royal Highness Jin Wang said that caste is not considered among the Han people, and the children of the Han people are all Han people.

Anyway, the village community that is actually controlled by the Han people heard about this policy, and those with daughters frantically came to the door.No dowry is required, and the dowry is fine even if the family is ruined. They only want to marry their daughters to "nobles".Even if you can't raise your caste, you will definitely be more beautiful in the future, and you can despise your neighbors of the same caste.

After breakfast, Zhang Dakun said to his wife, "I'll go out for a while."

His wife chattered and said some incomprehensible words, and kept sending him outside the door.

Zhang Dakun was very satisfied with his wife. Although Sudra and Dalits had dark skin, his Vaishya wife was fair and beautiful, even whiter than Zhang Dakun's own skin.Moreover, he is obedient and quick in doing housework. It seems that he is good at housekeeping.

When I got to the gate of my house, there were more than a dozen people kneeling outside.

Zhang Dakun didn't know it at first, but later he gradually realized that he came to the door to find a job.As an aristocrat in the village, he doesn't have any servants, and many villagers who make a living as part-time workers eagerly hope to become his servants.

It is the most cost-effective to hire untouchables, no wages, just take care of the food.

The untouchables also enjoy the leftovers, and they don't care if they are beaten or scolded.Rewarded with a piece of rags, he was so happy that he knelt down on the spot, crawled over and kissed the ground in front of his master.As for kissing the master's boots, untouchables are not qualified, that belongs to the privilege of the Sudra class.

The untouchables who dared to have any contact with the nobles, even stepped on the shadow of the nobles, were beaten to death and deserved it.

Some people have already hired servants, but Zhang Dakun dare not for the time being.He has a newlywed wife at home, what if his wife has an affair with a slave when he goes out?

"roll!"

Zhang Dakun carried a firecracker on his back, and held a stick in his hand. He swung the stick and hit it.

The person who was beaten didn't dare to dodge, so he took a stick from Zhang Dakun, and then grinned at him.

This smile made Zhang Dakun panic.In the first two days when he first came to the village, he still regarded the local people as human beings, but gradually realized that these guys were self-deprecating and self-deprecating, and they didn't regard themselves as human beings.

"Little Zhang!"

Liu Datong next door shouted.

Zhang Dakun ran quickly, stood at attention and saluted the army: "Chief whistle!"

Liu Datong replied with a military salute, and said with a smile: "People came from the village last night. If you need anything, or send a letter to your hometown, you can report to me. If you want to bring your family, you will be provided with full board and lodging along the way." No, the money will be paid by Prince Jin."

Zhang Dakun said: "I have two older brothers who take care of my parents, so I don't need to come here. I just write to them and tell my family that I have also asked for a wife, and I have allocated [-] acres of paddy fields here."

"Then you write the letter at night, and I'll pass it on for you." Liu Datong patted him on the shoulder.

Liu Datong is a native of the Yi nationality in Yunnan, and he was born in a slave family of the Yi nationality.In the beginning, I didn’t even have a surname. The surname and first name were all picked up by the help of the Han people. I was promoted to the head of the post entirely by military merit. At present, I am equivalent to the village head of this village (without formal appointment).

Moreover, Liu Datong's complexion is very dark, similar to that of the untouchables here.

When he first arrived, the villagers regarded him as a pariah, and instead ran to curry favor with other soldiers.Liu Datong was so angry that he dealt with several offenders severely, and finally made it known that he had the highest status in the village.

Liu Datong allocated a full [-] mu of land, took a wife, and owned a large number of tenants.His whole family is in Guangnan Province, and already has a wife and children. He plans to pick him up this time, and King Jin will send a boat to pick up his family members.

Here, King Jin encouraged taking concubines and having more children.As long as the children are not born to untouchables, they will be given land when they live to the age of 12. If the land is not enough, soldiers will be sent to develop it.

Of the one thousand Datong army, five hundred were left to guard the city, and the rest returned to the countryside to supervise the tenants' harvest of grain.

It's the rice harvest season, and there will be grain output soon.

Liu Datong not only had to be responsible for his own fields, but also had to help his comrades who stayed behind in Taiwu City manage the land and food.Now he is very busy all day long, but he is full of energy. The [-] mu of land is all his own, and he can continue to increase it in the future.

It's just that the language barrier makes it too tiring to manage, and you can only use gestures and sticks to give orders.

Fortunately, the villagers are very honest, beat and scolded without any resistance.The disadvantage is that these guys are lazy, let them dig toilets and compost, they are willing to do things in person, and start chatting together as soon as they turn their backs.More than a dozen people dig a toilet, and they can dig it for several days. If they are not served with sticks at any time, it is estimated that they will not be able to dig well in half a month.