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The primitive species in the extreme north were smaller in size, about the same size as Mongolian horses.

The Yakut horses in the middle are larger in size. The average shoulder height of male horses is 139 cm, and the average shoulder height of mares is 137 cm.

The south has become a large breed, with an average shoulder height of 141 cm for male horses and 136 cm for mares.

What Zhang Tingxun saw at this time was the southern species, and the leader of the Chasing Sun Department came to greet him on horseback. The shoulder height of the horse under his crotch was very likely to reach 145 centimeters.In addition, this horse is thick and full of hair, as if it is riding a monster.

Li Jiang, the cartographer, muttered in a low voice: "Vice Zhang, this horse is very strange. In the coming year, we can exchange a few horses and send them to Hailanpao for breeding."

Zhang Tingxun said: "The body is too strong, and the limbs are thick. I guess it can't run fast. It's good to be used as a draft horse for dragging artillery. Moreover, the horse hair is thick and long. I think it is extremely cold-resistant. It is suitable for fighting in the Mobei grassland."

The female shaman was communicating with the leader, seeming to explain the identities of Zhang Tingxun and others.

The Saha people have a strong concept of yin and yang, horses belong to yang, men take care of them, cows belong to yin, and women take care of them.

Their habit of raising horses and cattle should have been formed in the Baikal region.

As for raising deer, it was only after moving here that I slowly figured it out.Nowadays, some tribes have not yet mastered the technology of raising deer, and cannot gallop in the snow and ice—some tribes have no deer, but have dogs, and dog sleds in winter.

The leader of the tribe is Naini. He inspected the salt he brought back and wrapped the padded jacket he bought around his body.

Then, he asked Kunde, the son of the female shaman.

Kunde said: "These Chinese are very good. They released me and let me help repair the castle. I can work every day in exchange for food. The Sakha people who were captured by the Rakshasa robbers were originally treated as slaves, but they were also taken by the Chinese. People were released, and women were rewarded as wives for slaves. Those Sakha people who were freed were very grateful to the Chinese and voluntarily stayed in the castle to grow food."

Only then did the leader, Naini, become convinced that the Chinese were very friendly, and warmly welcomed Zhang Tingxun and others into his account.

Before entering the account, Zhang Tingxun was stopped because there was another ceremony.

The leader's son took out the flint and hammered it, and lit the firewood in the center of the tent.This "ignition" ceremony is to welcome distinguished guests and also occurs during celebrations.

Others used long poles to remove the animal skin on the top of the tent, exposing a gap for smoke exhaust.

With the "fire position" as the center, the position directly opposite the door is called "Maru". The leader Naini invited Zhang Tingxun to sit down together. The position on both sides of the "fire position" is called "Aolu", where female shamans, Datong soldiers and important members of the tribe sit.

There is no soju here, but kumiss.

The leader's wife and daughter entertained the guests with kumiss, as well as some meat and fresh fish.

The tribe is located in a river valley. When Zhang Tingxun came, he traveled a long way on the frozen river.Fresh fish is also obtained by digging ice, cut into raw fish pieces, and I don’t know what seasoning is mixed.

"Is this a horn cup? It doesn't look like a horn either." Zhang Tingxun questioned.

The leader Naini laughed loudly and said something, which Khabarov translated: "It's an ivory cup."

Not normal ivory, but mammoth ivory.

The main handicraft of the Sakha people is to carve with mammoth ivory, and there are many of them in Siberia.

The leader, Naini, held up the mammoth ivory cup: "Welcome distinguished guests from Chinese tribes, and may our friendship not wither in the cold winter!"

"I wish your Excellency good health, and I also wish that none of the livestock in the Daily Department will freeze to death in winter." Zhang Tingxun is better at talking about scenes than Peng Chunlin.

"Hahahaha!"

The leader, Naini, was really happy, especially that the livestock would not freeze to death, which is the best blessing for the Sakha people.

The leader asked someone to set up a tent for them, and they all slept in the tent that night.

The next day, everyone strolled in the tribe and found that there were obviously more women than men.

After inquiring in detail, I learned that even in winter, men have to go hunting and grazing.For this reason, accidents often occur, and the life expectancy of men is far less than that of women.

Capable men are often polygamous.

Here is the primogeniture system, and even the father's wives and concubines can be inherited.But the rest of the sons can also get a small amount of family property to ensure that they will not be frozen to death or starved to death.

A woman's only dowry is her own private property, and the dowry is generally passed on to her daughter.

Only the shaman family is an exception, and the shaman has both men and women.Once a woman serves as a shaman, she is never allowed to marry outside, because the shaman holds the most important knowledge.For example, poetry, medicine, astronomy, climate...etc.

Li Jiang said to Zhang Tingxun: "There are obviously more boys and girls in Saha. From now on, the felons who come here will not need to bring their wives with them. Let their wives remarry. If the felons are exiled here, they can just marry local women as wives." .”

"Not bad." Zhang Tingxun nodded.

Li Jiang also said: "In the future, we can add felt and ivory to the goods traded. Felt is the cheapest. Bring more. It can not only surround the tent to keep out the cold, but also cover the livestock to prevent them from being frozen to death. The Saha people will definitely like it." Felt. And ivory, which is a common item here, is worth a lot when sold in China.”

Felt is really the cheapest thing of all woolen goods, but it is very useful, and the Saha people don't have it.

The Sakha people use many pieces of animal skins to sew together to shield their livestock from the wind and snow.Think about it, how many animal skins are needed to cover hundreds of deer?

A slightly wealthy family has dozens of deer, and the leader, Naini, has hundreds of deer.

Trade cheap felt for expensive ivory.Use cheap cotton-padded jackets for expensive furs.This business is completely done, and you can get huge wealth without looting like the Cossacks.

Garrison in Yakutsk will never lose money!

"Vice Zhang, Vice Zhang..." Li Jiang continued to speak, but saw that Zhang Tingxun was distracted.

He followed Zhang Tingxun's line of sight, and saw a few Saha girls walking by with wooden buckets, probably going to milk horses or milk.

These girls were dressed better than ordinary women. They were covered in fur clothes all over their bodies, and there were even mink fur around their necks.

Zhang Tingxun obviously took a fancy to one of them.

Chapter 857 [Unaji]

These Sakha people belong to the North Asian race-Eastern Siberia type.

Horse face, high skull, small eyes, high cheekbones, narrow forehead.

There are also some who have big faces, or simply cannot be distinguished from the Han people.

Modern gene sequencing shows that the Y chromosome and O lineage account for as much as 80% of the Han people's Y chromosome, which shows that the blood is very unified.Like Cao Cao's Y chromosome, it can basically be determined as O1b1-M268.

The Y chromosome of the Saha people is dominated by the N line, also known as the extreme north gene.If you want to have a relationship with the Han people, they belonged to a family about 3 years ago. Later, the N-type genes moved north and lived in the ice and snow. For example, the Finns are mainly N-type genes.

On the whole, the Sakha people do not conform to Chinese aesthetics, so Zhang Tingxun resisted at first.

That female shaman has a horse face and high cheekbones.

Among the young girls in front of them, two of them are obviously different in appearance, and it is very likely that they have mixed with the C-line gene.

The C lineage genes are also divided into north and south branches. The northern branch is mostly Mongolian, Manchu, Hezhen, Xibe, Oroqen, Ewenki, etc., and the southern branch is one of the ancestors of the Han people.Nearly half of the C-line genes of the Kong surname in Qufu are C-line genes, and many Jiang surnames are also C-line genes. It is estimated that many nobles in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties are C-line genes.

Zhang Tingxun definitely doesn't understand gene sequencing, he only knows that there is a beautiful girl in front of him, at least among the Saha people.

Beauty is a comparison.

Yiga, the son of the tribal leader, rode over and shouted at Zhang Tingxun, "Let's go fishing together."

Khabarov said: "He asked the little grandfather to go fishing."

"Good!" Zhang Tingxun laughed.

Zhang Tingxun stepped on a Saha horse, and the horse's hooves stepped on the snow, and his movements were relatively slow.He pointed to the girl in the picture, and asked straightforwardly: "Is she also from the Daily Department?"

Yiga said: "Her name is Unaji. Her grandfather is from the south. He lost his territory due to tribal wars, and took more than ten people to join the Sun-by-Sun Department. Their family is good at finding salt mines, so they have a high status. The Sun-by-Sun Department We are also happy to accept them.”

The Lena River Basin is rich in rock salt resources.

However, due to the existence of permafrost and the lack of technology of the Saha people, obtaining rock salt depends on luck and experience.Those who are good at finding salt mines must be offered as treasures, and their status is second only to shamans.

"Has the guest taken a fancy to her?" Yiga said, "But she is not the most beautiful girl in the Daily Division, I can introduce one to the guest. My younger sisters are very beautiful, you saw them yesterday."

Zhang Tingxun has indeed seen that the chief's daughters all have high cheekbones and big pie faces.

Zhang Tingxun said: "I just like her like this, she looks very similar to us Chinese."

Yiga said: "If the guests like it, they can bring wine to her house. If her father is willing to drink the wine brought by the guests, it means that he has agreed to this marriage."

"Thank you for reminding me." Zhang Tingxun smiled.

When everyone came to the frozen river, Yiga led his tribe to dig a hole, and then sat on a wooden barrel to fish.

Fish is one of the staple foods of the Saha people.

Then came venison and beef, especially reindeer.The more reindeer, the richer it is, just like Mongolians raising sheep.

Zhang Tingxun is really not the material for fishing, others catch one after another, but his harvest is very little.And he couldn't sit still at all, so he stood up and walked around while fishing, and spent more time admiring the snowy scenery of distant mountains.

Moreover, Zhang Tingxun doesn't like to eat the fish here.

The locals eat sashimi, the seasoning is only rock salt, and the taste is not very good.

In the afternoon, the tribe's hunting team returned.The harvest was not bad, six Mongolian wolves, four silly roe deer, more than 20 snow rabbits, and no one died accidentally.

Zhang Tingxun asked for some kumiss from the leader, and took Khabarov to propose marriage.

Unaji's family is prosperous, his father is still alive, he has married three wives, and has seven brothers and sisters.At present, they all live together, and several tents have been set up, and they will be separated after their father dies.

Unaji's father's name is Shuhe, which means axe.

Knowing that Zhang Tingxun came to propose marriage, Shu He was very happy. He warmly entertained him and said, "My father is from the south. I heard him talk about it when I was young. In the far south, there is a very powerful tribe. There’s not enough food to eat.”

The ghost knows which tribe it is talking about, it probably refers to the Sahalian people in the middle and lower reaches of Heilongjiang.

But it must not be Jurchen, because the Manchu Qing conquered the upper reaches of Heilongjiang, Jingqili River and Waixing'an Mountains, which was already a matter of Huang Taiji's time.

Huang Taiji collectively referred to all the tribes in the north as the Sauron tribe, and when they were refined, there were the deer tribe and the dog tribe.You can tell from the name that the deer department uses deer to pull sleds, and the dog department uses dog sleds.

Huang Taiji conquered the Sauron tribe three times, causing a large population loss in the north.In the ninth year of Tiancong alone, 2483 strong men and 7302 family members of strong men were abducted.The Sauron tribe, which was semi-forced or voluntarily subordinated, was moved to the south to settle down, and 16 Sauron cattle records were set up in the Nenjiang River Basin alone.

According to the above data, at least 3 or [-] people have been taken away. How many people are left in the north?No wonder one or two hundred Cossacks can run rampant in the Heilongjiang River Basin.

Zhang Tingxun asked: "Have you heard of the Han people?"

Shu He shook his head: "I haven't heard of it."

The two sides communicated, and the lips of the donkey were not right with the mouth of the horse.

Seeing that the other party drank kumiss, Zhang Tingxun obviously agreed to the marriage, so he said, "I didn't bring any presents with me this time. I will prepare a betrothal gift when I go back, and I will bring it here after the snow melts next year."

"It doesn't need to be so troublesome, you can get married now." Shu He said with a smile.

For many ethnic groups near the Outer Xing'an Mountains, the wedding ceremony is completed at the woman's home, and they stay at the man's home for a period of time.

At this time, the temperature was already below zero. In order not to delay returning to the castle, the wedding was held the next day.

The wedding is very "grand", the female shaman personally lights the fire, and the tribal leader presides over the wedding.

Although Wu Naji did not understand the language of Zhang Tingxun, she was very satisfied with her husband.She thought her husband was very handsome, his face was not so long, his cheekbones were not so high, and his eyes were very big, much better looking than the men in the tribe.

By the way, Li Jiang is also married, and he married Unaji's sister.

The two sisters are the most beautiful girls in the daily department.

The dowry was very generous, and Unaji's dowry alone included two reindeer, more than a dozen furs, and some jewelry.Most of the jewelry is made of mammoth ivory, and there are also a small amount of precious stones.

After another two days of delay, Zhang Tingxun left with his wife and subordinates after discussing the items to be traded for next year.

Fearing that they would get lost when they went back, the leader sent a guide who would also live in the castle and go back when the weather gets warmer next year.

The weather was getting colder, it was more than ten degrees below zero.

For the Saha people, this is a temperature where they can continue their activities, and they will hide in the house at minus thirty degrees.If you encounter the extreme cold of minus [-] degrees, you can only hold on, which is relatively rare.

After returning to the castle smoothly, Zhang Tingxun immediately reported the diplomatic achievements and showed the ivory products.

Peng Chunlin was quite happy: "Ivory can be sold at a high price when transported to the south, but the carving skills of the Sakha people are a bit poor. Let them sell ivory directly next year instead of carving. By the way, congratulations on your newlyweds."

"Hey." Zhang Tingxun laughed.

Wu Naji's appearance is not perfect, in Nanjing, it can be considered above average at best.However, he is tall and has the smell of rouge from the Northland. He can also shoot arrows, hunt and fish in ice.

When there is a shortage of manpower, Saha women also want to hunt and fish.

In particular, Saha men have a high mortality rate, and widows appear every year.If these widows cannot remarry within a short period of time, they will take on the role of the pillars of the family and join the hunting team with men from other families.

Peng Chunlin said: "The fishing here is not bad. Next year, I will invite some sailors. Many of the sailors come from fishermen's families. They bring fishing nets, which is much faster than fishing. Although it is cold here, it is a treasure land. The fur and ivory You can earn a lot of silver."

To occupy and develop a place for a long time, it must have sufficient value.

For example, in the Heilongjiang River Basin, in addition to fur, they are already thinking about cutting down trees.Especially the red pine is extremely precious, and it can be sold at a good price when transported to the south.

After the establishment of the post station in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang, the timber from the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains will be developed.The axes and saws were half sold and half given to the aborigines. The logs were drifted to the mouth of Heilongjiang, and then transported to the south by sea.

This route, the port of Sakata negotiated in Japan, is a very important supply port.The supply ports will not be replaced until Hunchun and Vladivostok are developed.

And Yakutsk, with its fur and ivory, also proved its worth.

As long as the court tastes the sweetness, it will definitely not give up.

"By the way," Peng Chunlin said, "After everyone's discussion, Yakutsk has changed its name. It will be called Luzhou from now on. The natives here are called deer."

Back in his house, Zhang Tingxun smiled at his wife, and Wu Naji smiled back.