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Gu Yanwu said: "Since a person with both morals and morals is the county magistrate, if a friend of the clan commits a crime, he must enforce the law impartially!"

Huang Zongxi sighed and said, "Brother Ning, you'd better go to be a county magistrate first. After you have been a county magistrate for a few years, you will know the depth of it."

Gu Yanwu hesitated to speak, he understood what Huang Zongxi meant, and felt like the emperor that he was not practical.

It would be embarrassing to continue the chat, Gu Yanwu changed the topic: "What article is Brother Taichong writing?"

Huang Zongxi said: ""Jiangning Business Daily" has an appointment for a manuscript, and asked me to speak for the girl. You don't need to use your real name, and you can get 60 silver dollars as a retouching fee."

Gu Yanwu muttered: "You are worth 10 yuan more than me."

"Boom boom boom!"

"Come in."

A sixteen or seventeen-year-old boy pushed the door open and walked in. He cupped his hands and said, "Teacher, the student is going out to visit friends, so he may not come back for dinner tonight."

"Go." Huang Zongxi said.

"Students leave." The boy bowed and left, closing the door behind him.

Gu Yanwu asked: "Is this student living in your home?"

Huang Zongxi sighed: "It's pitiful too. This son is extremely intelligent, but he is implicated by his father's generation, so he will not be able to be an official in the future."

"What case?" Gu Yanwu asked curiously.

Huang Zongxi said in detail: "His name is Yan Ruoqiu, with a hundred poems, and his ancestral home is Taiyuan. His father was a salt merchant in Yangzhou. He was squeezed out by Huizhou merchants and could not gain a foothold in Jianghuai, so he went to Changlu to manage the salt field. The Changlu Salt Department also followed suit and investigated and dealt with several criminal salt merchants. His father was sentenced to exile in Heilongjiang, his salt industry license was revoked, and his descendants were not allowed to be officials for three generations. This child has always been at the top of Jinling University, and his future was given by his father. Ruined. He no longer attends classes seriously, and he worships me as a teacher in private, learning some things that are not in class."

Gu Yanwu said with emotion: "It's a pity."

After changing the subject, Gu Yanwu asked, "Why did Brother Taichong get involved in the women's imperial examination?"

Huang Zongxi smiled and said: "There are pens and money to get, why don't you get involved? Women's imperial examinations can't be changed. You and I are both teachers at Jinling University and know the situation in the school. Every year when new students enter school, there are ten or twenty Female students. But by the second grade of university, the number of female students has been reduced by half, and all of them have dropped out of school and returned to their hometowns to marry relatives. Two, sometimes none. So few women take the imperial examination, what can become of it?"

"Indeed." Gu Yanwu nodded.

Huang Zongxi said: "I am afraid that the number of female college students who can graduate in the future will not increase, but will decrease."

"Why is there such a conclusion?" Gu Yanwu asked.

Huang Zongxi said: "Officials from the Ministry of Rites suggested changing the middle school to four years, and His Majesty seems to agree. In this way, many middle school courses can be added to make middle school graduates more learned. It can also make middle school graduation more difficult. , to offset the pressure of the increase in the number of students every year. Don't look at the middle school is only increased by one year, but the marriageable age of a woman is only a few years. If a woman studies for an extra year, it will be more difficult to find a husband's family. Even if it has been set Even if they get married, the husband's family will not allow the girl to hang out in school for too long."

"Well, then I'll write an article too, it's really not easy for a woman to finish college." Gu Yanwu felt pity.

Women's basic education has also undergone tremendous changes.

The dropout rate of girls from the bottom class is getting higher and higher, because the government is not strict enough to catch them.Since the government doesn't care about it, for parents, girls don't need to read so many books, they just need to be able to read and write letters, and be able to count and settle accounts.

Girls from wealthy families, on the other hand, have a rising rate of secondary school attendance.The number of private girls' schools is increasing, and the rich are keen to send their daughters to secondary school, just enough to marry and get married after finishing high school.In some developed regions, girls who graduate from high school (or drop out of school) have become the standard for marriage.A lady who has not finished middle school will be looked down upon by families of the same class, and it is difficult to find a husband who is well-matched.

Women's education is completely deformed.

Huang Zongxi and Gu Yanwu devoted themselves to writing articles in the yellow house.

Huang Zongxi's student, Yan Ruoqi, walked leisurely towards the Gongyuan.He has already lost his qualifications to be an official, and his family has a lot of money, so now he simply does whatever he wants and specializes in studying the knowledge he likes.

The Yan Ruoqi in history, Mao Qiling, the hard-faced big gunner, made Mao Qiling speechless.Gu Yanwu took the work and went to Yan Ruoqi to discuss it. Yan Ruoqi suggested modifying some of the content, and Gu Yanwu also made the revision sincerely.

Wang Yuan, an economist (let’s call him that) in the early Qing Dynasty, was a student of Yan Ruoqiu.

Another teacher of Wang Yuan was Yan Yuan, a great Confucian in the early Qing Dynasty who openly supported women's rights in Fanlou that day.

Coincidentally, in this time and space, Yan Ruoqi and Yan Yuan met in advance, and even became friends with Tang Zhen from Sichuan.

When they came to the inn where the two friends were staying, Yan Ruoqiu said: "You two virtuous brothers, don't write any more articles about the women's imperial examinations. My foolish brother has more important national affairs here. If the three of us negotiate well, we can become officials without the imperial examinations. My little brother might make an exception and become an official."

"What national event?" Yan Yuan asked.

Yan Ruoqiu said: "In today's industry and commerce, especially the textile industry, the planning of the imperial court is wrong. Although private merchants are correcting and offsetting such mistakes, the corresponding tax system and official system have not been adjusted accordingly."

Tang Zhen smiled and said, "It really is a big deal!"

Chapter 805 [Development Model of Chinese Rural Industry]

In the guest room, a group of people are chatting.

There are Qi Biaojia and his wife and sister-in-law, as well as his son, daughter and prospective daughter-in-law.There are also Liu Shuying from Jiangxi, Yan Yuan from Hebei, Tang Zhen from Sichuan, and Yan Ruoqi from Taiyuan.

Yan Ruoqiu, the youngest, said: "Your Majesty undoubtedly encourages industry and commerce, and develops industry and commerce centered on cities, and advocates merchants to open workshops and factories inside and outside the city. Tax collectors at all levels are mainly located in cities, and it is easier to apply for land in the suburbs. There are several advantages, one is that the people inside and outside the city can go to the nearest factory to work; the other is that it is convenient for the government to collect taxes; the third is that the transportation is convenient, and the raw materials and goods can be circulated quickly.”

"Indeed." Tang Zhen nodded.

Yan Ruoqi's family is in the salt industry, Tang Zhen's is in the silk and oil industry, and Qi Biaojia is the owner of a textile factory.

As for Yan Yuan's family background, it can be described as hard to describe.

Because of his poor family, his own father adopted Zhu's family in the same village as an adopted son. Yan Yuan's former name was Zhu Bangliang.His own father couldn't stand the Zhu family's discrimination, so when the Tartars entered and plundered, he took the initiative to follow the Tartars to Liaodong, and he hasn't heard from him till now.

His adoptive grandfather was the local garrison officer of the Ming Dynasty. He first surrendered to Li Zicheng, then Dorgon, and helped the Qing Dynasty suppress the uprising army, and then surrendered to Li Zicheng. He was finally executed by the Datong Army.

Because Yan Yuan was young, he was not implicated, so he lived in his teacher's house and changed back to his ancestor's surname Yan.

He practiced riding and archery with his mentor since he was a child, and also learned the art of war, medicine and magic, and even learned alchemy to cultivate immortality.Primary schools in Hebei were established very late. He was sent to the school by his mentor, and he skipped grades faster than government-run schools. He once completed primary school courses by himself, and then discovered that there was no middle school in the county.

By the way, Yan Yuan's mentor Wu Dongyun, when the Datong Army, Li Zicheng, and the Eight Banners Army were fighting in Hebei, he closed the private school in the country and took the initiative to join the Datong Army.

A little old man of five or sixty years old rode a poor horse, with an iron sword hanging from his waist, a bow and arrow on his back, and a long halberd in his hand. He rushed to the Datong military camp with his gray hair.He was immediately appointed as the leader of the local rebel army, and then assisted in the formation of the farmers' association to divide the fields. He is now the principal of Boye County Middle School.

Yan Yuan became the grandson-in-law of his mentor...

Yan Yuan asked: "Is there anything wrong with the court's move?"

Yan Ruoqi pointed to Qi Biaojia and said, "You can ask Mr. Qi about this, Mr. Qi should have a deep understanding."

Qi Biaojia said: "The suburbs of the county have a large population, so it is easy to recruit workers, but there is not enough land for the factory. I had to find a sloping land outside the town and apply for the land to build the factory. But although the sloping land is barren, it is still arable land. The government was very slow in approving it, and it took four years to get it approved."

Yan Ruoqiu explained: "This is because the officials in the county only have very little authority to grant land every year. In order to prosper the county and facilitate tax collection, they centrally approve the land in the suburbs to build factories. They will wait for immigrants every year and give priority to the land in the suburbs. Many farmers moved to the north, and the vacated land was used as land for building factories. Some of the land was very fertile, but it was approved in violation of regulations. And the barren land in villages and towns, because it is too far away from the county seat, it is difficult to get approval from the government.”

"Indeed," Qi Biaojia nodded and said, "There is no land to approve in the suburbs of our county, so we approved the construction of factories in villages and towns."

Yan Ruoqiu said: "This is wrong. The imperial court and the local government had the wrong idea from the very beginning. The land should be approved to build factories around towns. Not only are there more barren land suitable for building factories, but they can also absorb nearby farmers. In this way, the merchants who set up factories will get convenience, and the nearby farmers can also increase their income. In this way, the people inside and outside the city will not be rich, while the people far away from the county can only farm the land.”

Yan Ruoqi's thinking is very clear, and it boils down to eight words: Focus on developing township enterprises!

Shang Jinglan looked at Yan Ruoqiu in surprise: "Little brother, this year's Guigeng?"

Yan Ruoqi replied: "17 years old."

Everyone was speechless.

Yan Ruoqiu explained: "An uncle of mine also planned to open a textile factory, and encountered the same problem. I heard my uncle complain, so I began to pay attention to this matter. Every winter and summer vacation, I travel between Hebei and Nanjing, inquiring about the relevant situation along the way, Gradually, this kind of thinking came into being. In fact, in Daming, many places are already similar. For example, Yanshen Town specializes in glass, Jingdezhen specializes in porcelain, and Foshan Town specializes in iron. They are all centered on towns and attract farmers to work, and then become Wealthy and big town. Once there are more factories in a certain town, it will grow rapidly. The unfavorable conditions such as transportation and taxation will no longer be a problem."

Including Zhao Han himself, the idea of ​​the court officials is to build industrial and commercial centers next to the cities.

And Yan Ruoqi's idea is to develop industrial and commercial towns, use more towns, drive more farmers to become rich, and merchants can build factories and start production more quickly and conveniently.

This is a way of thinking that is different from European industrial development. It really needs to be compared. It is more similar to the large-scale development model of township enterprises across the country in the early days of reform and opening up.

Yan Ruoqiu continued: "The imperial court must adjust the allocation of town officials. When the industrial and commercial tax revenue reaches a certain amount, the rank of the town's officials should be raised. For example, the mayor of Jingdezhen should be at the same level as the section chief of the county government. A dedicated tax collector. Once the industrial and commercial tax revenues fail to meet the quota for three consecutive years, the town's level will drop, and the mayor's level will also drop."

Yan Yuan expressed doubts: "Your Majesty will really agree to this idea?"

"So, we need to investigate this matter more clearly," Yan Ruoqiu said, "I'm only familiar with the situation on the front line of the Grand Canal. Mr. Qi is from Jiangnan, Mr. Geshan (Liu Shuying) is from Jiangxi, Brother Tang is from Sichuan, and Brother Yan is from Hebei .We will try our best to visit as many places as possible, collect and study the situation in each place, and then we will jointly file a petition with the imperial court!"

Qi Biaojia was worried that he would offend the court ministers, so he said: "I can help with the investigation, but there is no need for a joint name."

Liu Shuying patted the scabbard and said, "It is my duty to benefit the country and the people! I won't take the female officer exam, and I will go back to Jiangxi to help visit in a few days."

Tang Zhen said: "Brother Yan and I are going to take the exam soon. After the exam, we will be officials. I'm afraid we won't have time to go back to our hometown."

Yan Ruoqiu said: "If the two virtuous brothers are trustworthy, I will write a memorial. Write down all the pros and cons of the matter clearly. If you two are high school Jinshi, you can take the opportunity to hand over the memorial when you see Your Majesty. If so, please don't do it for the time being." Officer, after investigating this matter thoroughly, return to Jing Hou Que."

Yan Yuan thought about it, felt that there was something wrong with this matter, and suddenly clenched his fists and said: "Let's bet with Brother Xian for a while!"

"Haha, then I will accompany you to the end!" Tang Zhen laughed coquettishly.

Because of his father's crimes, Yan Ruoqi was disqualified from being an official in the imperial examination. For the sake of his future, he worked hard enough, and only begged the emperor to let him be an official.

If this thing is done, Datong China's industrialization route is likely to embark on another path, which is very different from the European industrialization model.Although in the end most of them lead to the same goal by different routes, and those industrial and commercial towns are likely to become new cities, but the process in the middle will be very different.

For example, greatly reducing the impact of industrialization on the countryside, greatly reducing the impact of industrialization on the small peasant economy, and to a certain extent weakening the desire for industrialization to merge land.Farmers no longer need to crowd into the city, and the cities and towns can absorb surplus labor nearby, and farmers who cultivate land can also work in their spare time.

However, with this development model, it is difficult to form a location advantage in the early stage, and the national industry is in a state of fragmentation.

The industrial version of the rural economy?

Qi Biaojia was a little worried about the consequences, but now he was affected by the young man's arrogance, and he laughed too: "Haha, unexpectedly, I am middle-aged, and I can still discuss important things with young people. I also wrote my name on that memorial." Bar!"

What kind of emperor there is, what kind of ministers and people there are.

Zhao Han has always avoided the practice of being convicted for his words, and has always encouraged the development of industry and commerce.That's why these people in front of them dare to do it when they have an idea, and they dare to go to the school with courage. Even if they fail, they will not be punished, and there is even a high chance that their opinions will be adopted.

Shang Jinghui said: "The matter of women's imperial examinations cannot be delayed. You are all great talents, write an article each, and wave the flag for women all over the world."

"It's a matter of course, we can't let those rotten scholars gain the upper hand." Yan Yuan immediately expressed his opinion.

Tang Zhen also smiled and said, "I have always admired women."

Everyone asked the waiter to bring wine and food, and everyone was so drunk that they began to write articles for the newspaper.

It's just that the young people are still young, and they are studying new-style education. They don't have a thorough understanding of traditional classics, so they can't write articles at the level of Huang Zongxi and Gu Yanwu.

Historically, Yan Yuan was the founder of the "Yan-Li School", advocating real writing, practice, substance, and practicality.And Yan Ruoqi was one of the founders of Sinology (textual research) in the Qing Dynasty, and had the status of academic patriarch in the Qing Dynasty.The two of them probably won't devote themselves to studying Confucian classics. After all, how can they have time to read piles of old papers?

mid-February.

More than 30 new publications popped up at once, and these newspapers and magazines are completely regardless of cost.Regardless of whether he can sell it or not, print a lot of it first, spend money to entrust the postal system to take it to various places, and send the goods to the bookstore for consignment without collecting a deposit.Even hired children of a few years old to sell along the street, and the price was half sold and half free.

Four words: soaring!

This kind of ignorant and inhumane approach suddenly stunned serious publications, and they didn't know how to respond, so they could only be forced to write articles and use pens.

"This article must have been written by a great Confucian. It is difficult to deal with citing scriptures." Zhai Wenben held a copy of "Jiangning Business Daily" in his hand.

Zhang Tianzhi said angrily: "You shitty Confucian! These newspapers are run by merchants. How can a real Confucian be greedy for those few pennies and help merchants and women write deceptive articles?"

Huang Zongxi is indeed not a great Confucianist, but one of the main lecturers of the prince.

Zhai Wenben asked, "What should I do?"

Zhang Tianzhi said: "It's very lively now, and the newspapers don't worry about sales. Don't wait until next month, invite colleagues to write articles immediately, and quickly publish supplements to fight back against those merchant newspapers, just in time to make a fortune selling newspapers!"

Chapter 806 [Hangzhou Discussion Meeting]

Dozens of newspapers were placed in front of Zhao Han.

Representative articles have been circled for the emperor to read quickly.

After scanning it roughly, Zhao Han couldn't help but smile: "Sure enough, this pen stick is like a quarrel, and it's crooked to the sky."

Li Xiangjun asked: "Do you want to watch it again, Your Majesty?"

"No need, let them continue to quarrel." Zhao Han is very satisfied with the current situation.

Although there are merchants throwing money to publish articles, and although there are great Confucian scholars who help to speak, they still fall behind at the beginning.The main ones are the three cardinal principles and five constant principles, which cannot be circumvented no matter what.Moreover, women should take care of their husbands and raise their children, which has been recognized by the vast majority of readers.

However, new forces were added halfway through!

Today's intellectual circles are full of flowers, and some new schools of thought suddenly join the debate to speak for women in order to attract attention.The emergence of these emerging schools immediately affected the hostile schools, and it turned into a big melee.Whether a woman can be an official through the imperial examination is only a passing topic, and the core focus of the debate has become a struggle for the right to interpret Confucian classics.

At Hangzhou University, Professor Chen Que initiated a debate, and both the Jishan School and the Yaojiang School were invited to participate.

Today's Zhejiang is dominated by Yangming's philosophy of mind.

However, the disciples of Xinxue in Zhejiang have already played out their brains with each other.

In the fourth year of Chongzhen, Liu Zongzhou and Tao Shuangling jointly created the "Witness Club".The split occurred in just one year because of disagreements over how to "witness".Friends and disciples of Liu Zongzhou formed the Jishan School.Tao Shuangling's friends and disciples formed the Yaojiang School.

Chen Que, who initiated the debate today, is from the Jishan School, but belongs to the heresy of the Jishan School!

There were hundreds of teachers and students in Hangzhou University, and dozens of sociologists. Chen Que took the lead in speaking: "Recently, there was a debate between men and women in Jinling, and both sides of the debate were citing scriptures. Why should they cite scriptures? Because those are the words of sages." Is it true? What a sage says must be correct? A sage must first be a human being. If a sage is not a human being, what should Lu Wang Xinxue do? It is also impossible to become a saint, so I don’t need to exist in the same line of my mind.”

As soon as this statement came out, everyone agreed that a sage must be a human being, which is the basic concept of Xinxue.

Then Chen Que began to mess around: "In my opinion, even if you become a saint, you are no different from ordinary people in terms of human nature. Don't rush to refute, just listen to me. If you become a saint, your human nature will be different." After consummation, they are completely different from ordinary people. Ordinary people who have not become saints, do they have flaws in human nature? If there are flaws in human nature, they cannot be called human beings, but just a tool that looks like human beings. Human nature, I think it’s better for this saint not to do it!”

"What nonsense!"

Liu Bian was furious immediately, pointed at Chen Que and said, "You have turned your back on your teacher and now come to criticize the sages, you are really not a son of man! Do you want to be Wang Longxi or that Wang Taizhou?"

Liu Si is the son of Liu Zongzhou, the founder of Jishan School, and he is also related to Huang Zongxi.

Today, the Jishan School has been divided into three, Huang Zongxi belongs to the orthodox school, Liu Bian belongs to the revisionist school, and Chen Que belongs to the independent school.